第18章
SaiththeLord;"Yeshallhaveasong,asinthenightwhenaholysolemnityiskept;andgladnessofheart,aswhenonegoeth……tocomeintothemountainoftheLord,totheMightyOneofIsrael。AndtheLordshallcauseHisgloriousvoicetobeheard,andshallshowthelightingdownofHisarm,withtheindignationofHisanger,andwiththeflameofadevouringfire,withscattering,andtempest,andhailstones。"Isaiah30:29,30。
Withshoutsoftriumph,jeering,andimprecation,throngsofevilmenareabouttorushupontheirprey,when,lo,a636
denseblackness,deeperthanthedarknessofthenight,fallsupontheearth。Thenarainbow,shiningwiththegloryfromthethroneofGod,spanstheheavensandseemstoencircleeachprayingcompany。Theangrymultitudesaresuddenlyarrested。Theirmockingcriesdieaway。Theobjectsoftheirmurderousrageareforgotten。WithfearfulforebodingstheygazeuponthesymbolofGod’scovenantandlongtobeshieldedfromitsoverpoweringbrightness。
BythepeopleofGodavoice,clearandmelodious,isheard,saying,"Lookup,"andliftingtheireyestotheheavens,theybeholdthebowofpromise。
Theblack,angrycloudsthatcoveredthefirmamentareparted,andlikeStephentheylookupsteadfastlyintoheavenandseethegloryofGodandtheSonofmanseateduponHisthrone。InHisdivineformtheydiscernthemarksofHishumiliation;andfromHislipstheyheartherequestpresentedbeforeHisFatherandtheholyangels:"Iwillthattheyalso,whomThouhastgivenMe,bewithMewhereIam。"John17:24。Againavoice,musicalandtriumphant,isheard,saying:"Theycome!theycome!holy,harmless,andundefiled。TheyhavekeptthewordofMypatience;theyshallwalkamongtheangels;"andthepale,quiveringlipsofthosewhohaveheldfasttheirfaithutterashoutofvictory。
ItisatmidnightthatGodmanifestsHispowerforthedeliveranceofHispeople。Thesunappears,shininginitsstrength。Signsandwondersfollowinquicksuccession。Thewickedlookwithterrorandamazementuponthescene,whiletherighteousbeholdwithsolemnjoythetokensoftheirdeliverance。Everythinginnatureseemsturnedoutofitscourse。Thestreamsceasetoflow。Dark,heavycloudscomeupandclashagainsteachother。Inthemidstoftheangryheavensisoneclearspaceofindescribableglory,whencecomesthevoiceofGodlikethesoundofmanywaters,saying:
"Itisdone。"Revelation16:17。
Thatvoiceshakestheheavensandtheearth。Thereisa637
mightyearthquake,"suchaswasnotsincemenwereupontheearth,somightyanearthquake,andsogreat。"Verses17,18。Thefirmamentappearstoopenandshut。ThegloryfromthethroneofGodseemsflashingthrough。Themountainsshakelikeareedinthewind,andraggedrocksarescatteredoneveryside。Thereisaroarasofacomingtempest。Theseaislashedintofury。Thereisheardtheshriekofahurricanelikethevoiceofdemonsuponamissionofdestruction。Thewholeearthheavesandswellslikethewavesofthesea。
Itssurfaceisbreakingup。Itsveryfoundationsseemtobegivingway。
Mountainchainsaresinking。Inhabitedislandsdisappear。TheseaportsthathavebecomelikeSodomforwickednessareswallowedupbytheangrywaters。
BabylonthegreathascomeinremembrancebeforeGod,"togiveuntoherthecupofthewineofthefiercenessofHiswrath。"Greathailstones,everyone"abouttheweightofatalent,"aredoingtheirworkofdestruction。Verses19,21。Theproudestcitiesoftheeartharelaidlow。Thelordlypalaces,uponwhichtheworld’sgreatmenhavelavishedtheirwealthinordertoglorifythemselves,arecrumblingtoruinbeforetheireyes。Prisonwallsarerentasunder,andGod’speople,whohavebeenheldinbondagefortheirfaith,aresetfree。
Gravesareopened,and"manyofthemthatsleepinthedustoftheearth……awake,sometoeverlastinglife,andsometoshameandeverlastingcontempt。"Daniel12:2。Allwhohavediedinthefaithofthethirdangel’smessagecomeforthfromthetombglorified,tohearGod’scovenantofpeacewiththosewhohavekeptHislaw。"TheyalsowhichpiercedHim"(Revelation1:7),thosethatmockedandderidedChrist’sdyingagonies,andthemostviolentopposersofHistruthandHispeople,areraisedtobeholdHiminHisgloryandtoseethehonorplacedupontheloyalandobedient。
Thickcloudsstillcoverthesky;yetthesunnowandthenbreaksthrough,appearingliketheavengingeyeofJehovah。
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Fiercelightningsleapfromtheheavens,envelopingtheearthinasheetofflame。Abovetheterrificroarofthunder,voices,mysteriousandawful,declarethedoomofthewicked。Thewordsspokenarenotcomprehendedbyall;buttheyaredistinctlyunderstoodbythefalseteachers。Thosewhoalittlebeforeweresoreckless,soboastfulanddefiant,soexultantintheircrueltytoGod’scommandment-keepingpeople,arenowoverwhelmedwithconsternationandshudderinginfear。Theirwailsareheardabovethesoundoftheelements。DemonsacknowledgethedeityofChristandtremblebeforeHispower,whilemenaresupplicatingformercyandgrovelinginabjectterror。
Saidtheprophetsofold,astheybeheldinholyvisionthedayofGod:
"Howlye;forthedayoftheLordisathand;itshallcomeasadestructionfromtheAlmighty。"Isaiah13:6。"Enterintotherock,andhidetheeinthedust,forfearoftheLord,andforthegloryofHismajesty。Theloftylooksofmanshallbehumbled,andthehaughtinessofmenshallbeboweddown,andtheLordaloneshallbeexaltedinthatday。ForthedayoftheLordofhostsshallbeuponeveryonethatisproudandlofty,anduponeveryonethatisliftedup;andheshallbebroughtlow。""Inthatdayamanshallcasttheidolsofhissilver,andtheidolsofhisgold,whichtheymadeeachoneforhimselftoworship,tothemolesandtothebats;togointothecleftsoftherocks,andintothetopsoftheraggedrocks,forfearoftheLord,andforthegloryofHismajesty,whenHearisethtoshaketerriblytheearth。"Isaiah2:10-12,20,21,margin。
Throughariftinthecloudstherebeamsastarwhosebrilliancyisincreasedfourfoldincontrastwiththedarkness。Itspeakshopeandjoytothefaithful,butseverityandwrathtothetransgressorsofGod’slaw。
ThosewhohavesacrificedallforChristarenowsecure,hiddenasinthesecretoftheLord’spavilion。Theyhavebeentested,andbeforetheworldandthedespisersoftruththeyhaveevincedtheirfidelitytoHim639
whodiedforthem。Amarvelouschangehascomeoverthosewhohaveheldfasttheirintegrityintheveryfaceofdeath。Theyhavebeensuddenlydeliveredfromthedarkandterribletyrannyofmentransformedtodemons。Theirfaces,solatelypale,anxious,andhaggard,arenowaglowwithwonder,faith,andlove。Theirvoicesriseintriumphantsong:"Godisourrefugeandstrength,averypresenthelpintrouble。Thereforewillnotwefear,thoughtheearthberemoved,andthoughthemountainsbecarriedintothemidstofthesea;thoughthewatersthereofroarandbetroubled,thoughthemountainsshakewiththeswellingthereof。"Psalm46:1-3。
WhilethesewordsofholytrustascendtoGod,thecloudssweepback,andthestarryheavensareseen,unspeakablygloriousincontrastwiththeblackandangryfirmamentoneitherside。Thegloryofthecelestialcitystreamsfromthegatesajar。Thenthereappearsagainsttheskyahandholdingtwotablesofstonefoldedtogether。Saystheprophet:"TheheavensshalldeclareHisrighteousness:forGodisjudgeHimself。"Psalm50:6。Thatholylaw,God’srighteousness,thatamidthunderandflamewasproclaimedfromSinaiastheguideoflife,isnowrevealedtomenastheruleofjudgment。
Thehandopensthetables,andthereareseenthepreceptsoftheDecalogue,tracedaswithapenoffire。Thewordsaresoplainthatallcanreadthem。
Memoryisaroused,thedarknessofsuperstitionandheresyissweptfromeverymind,andGod’stenwords,brief,comprehensive,andauthoritative,arepresentedtotheviewofalltheinhabitantsoftheearth。
ItisimpossibletodescribethehorroranddespairofthosewhohavetrampleduponGod’sholyrequirements。TheLordgavethemHislaw;theymighthavecomparedtheircharacterswithitandlearnedtheirdefectswhiletherewasyetopportunityforrepentanceandreform;butinordertosecurethefavoroftheworld,theysetasideitspreceptsandtaughtotherstotransgress。Theyhaveendeavoredtocompel640
God’speopletoprofaneHisSabbath。Nowtheyarecondemnedbythatlawwhichtheyhavedespised。Withawfuldistinctnesstheyseethattheyarewithoutexcuse。Theychosewhomtheywouldserveandworship。"Thenshallyereturn,anddiscernbetweentherighteousandthewicked,betweenhimthatservethGodandhimthatservethHimnot。"Malachi3:18。
TheenemiesofGod’slaw,fromtheministersdowntotheleastamongthem,haveanewconceptionoftruthandduty。ToolatetheyseethattheSabbathofthefourthcommandmentisthesealofthelivingGod。Toolatetheyseethetruenatureoftheirspurioussabbathandthesandyfoundationuponwhichtheyhavebeenbuilding。TheyfindthattheyhavebeenfightingagainstGod。ReligiousteachershaveledsoulstoperditionwhileprofessingtoguidethemtothegatesofParadise。Notuntilthedayoffinalaccountswillitbeknownhowgreatistheresponsibilityofmeninholyofficeandhowterriblearetheresultsoftheirunfaithfulness。Onlyineternitycanwerightlyestimatethelossofasinglesoul。FearfulwillbethedoomofhimtowhomGodshallsay:Depart,thouwickedservant。
ThevoiceofGodisheardfromheaven,declaringthedayandhourofJesus’
coming,anddeliveringtheeverlastingcovenanttoHispeople。LikepealsofloudestthunderHiswordsrollthroughtheearth。TheIsraelofGodstandlistening,withtheireyesfixedupward。TheircountenancesarelightedupwithHisglory,andshineasdidthefaceofMoseswhenhecamedownfromSinai。Thewickedcannotlookuponthem。AndwhentheblessingispronouncedonthosewhohavehonoredGodbykeepingHisSabbathholy,thereisamightyshoutofvictory。
Soonthereappearsintheeastasmallblackcloud,abouthalfthesizeofaman’shand。ItisthecloudwhichsurroundstheSaviourandwhichseemsinthedistancetobeshroudedindarkness。ThepeopleofGodknowthistobethesignoftheSonofman。Insolemnsilencetheygazeuponitasit641
drawsnearertheearth,becominglighterandmoreglorious,untilitisagreatwhitecloud,itsbaseaglorylikeconsumingfire,andaboveittherainbowofthecovenant。Jesusridesforthasamightyconqueror。Notnowa"ManofSorrows,"todrinkthebittercupofshameandwoe,Hecomes,victorinheavenandearth,tojudgethelivingandthedead。"FaithfulandTrue,"
"inrighteousnessHedothjudgeandmakewar。"And"thearmieswhichwereinheaven"(Revelation19:11,14)followHim。Withanthemsofcelestialmelodytheholyangels,avast,unnumberedthrong,attendHimonHisway。Thefirmamentseemsfilledwithradiantforms——"tenthousandtimestenthousand,andthousandsofthousands。"Nohumanpencanportraythescene;nomortalmindisadequatetoconceiveitssplendor。"Hisglorycoveredtheheavens,andtheearthwasfullofHispraise。AndHisbrightnesswasasthelight。"
Habakkuk3:3,4。Asthelivingcloudcomesstillnearer,everyeyebeholdsthePrinceoflife。Nocrownofthornsnowmarsthatsacredhead;butadiademofgloryrestsonHisholybrow。Hiscountenanceoutshinesthedazzlingbrightnessofthenoondaysun。"AndHehathonHisvestureandonHisthighanamewritten,Kingofkings,andLordoflords。"Revelation19:16。
BeforeHispresence"allfacesareturnedintopaleness;"upontherejectersofGod’smercyfallstheterrorofeternaldespair。"Theheartmelteth,andthekneessmitetogether,……andthefacesofthemallgatherblackness。"
Jeremiah30:6;Nahum2:10。Therighteouscrywithtrembling:"Whoshallbeabletostand?"Theangels’songishushed,andthereisaperiodofawfulsilence。ThenthevoiceofJesusisheard,saying:"Mygraceissufficientforyou。"Thefacesoftherighteousarelightedup,andjoyfillseveryheart。Andtheangelsstrikeanotehigherandsingagainastheydrawstillnearertotheearth。
TheKingofkingsdescendsuponthecloud,wrappedinflamingfire。Theheavensarerolledtogetherasascroll,theearthtremblesbeforeHim,andeverymountainandisland642
ismovedoutofitsplace。"OurGodshallcome,andshallnotkeepsilence:
afireshalldevourbeforeHim,anditshallbeverytempestuousroundaboutHim。Heshallcalltotheheavensfromabove,andtotheearth,thatHemayjudgeHispeople。"Psalm50:3,4。
"Andthekingsoftheearth,andthegreatmen,andtherichmen,andthechiefcaptains,andthemightymen,andeverybondman,andeveryfreeman,hidthemselvesinthedensandintherocksofthemountains;andsaidtothemountainsandrocks,Fallonus,andhideusfromthefaceofHimthatsittethonthethrone,andfromthewrathoftheLamb:forthegreatdayofHiswrathiscome;andwhoshallbeabletostand?"Revelation6:15-17。
Thederisivejestshaveceased。Lyinglipsarehushedintosilence。Theclashofarms,thetumultofbattle,"withconfusednoise,andgarmentsrolledinblood"(Isaiah9:5),isstilled。Noughtnowisheardbutthevoiceofprayerandthesoundofweepingandlamentation。Thecryburstsforthfromlipssolatelyscoffing:"ThegreatdayofHiswrathiscome;andwhoshallbeabletostand?"ThewickedpraytobeburiedbeneaththerocksofthemountainsratherthanmeetthefaceofHimwhomtheyhavedespisedandrejected。
Thatvoicewhichpenetratestheearofthedead,theyknow。Howoftenhaveitsplaintive,tendertonescalledthemtorepentance。Howoftenhasitbeenheardinthetouchingentreatiesofafriend,abrother,aRedeemer。TotherejectersofHisgracenoothercouldbesofullofcondemnation,soburdenedwithdenunciation,asthatvoicewhichhassolongpleaded:"Turnye,turnyefromyourevilways;forwhywillyedie?"Ezekiel33:11。Oh,thatitweretothemthevoiceofastranger!SaysJesus:"Ihavecalled,andyerefused;IhavestretchedoutMyhand,andnomanregarded;butyehavesetatnoughtallMycounsel,andwouldnoneofMyreproof。"Proverbs1:24,25。Thatvoiceawakensmemorieswhichtheywouldfainblotout——warningsdespised,invitationsrefused,privilegesslighted。
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TherearethosewhomockedChristinHishumiliation。WiththrillingpowercometotheirmindstheSufferer’swords,when,adjuredbythehighpriest,Hesolemnlydeclared:"HereaftershallyeseetheSonofmansittingontherighthandofpower,andcominginthecloudsofheaven。"Matthew26:64。NowtheybeholdHiminHisglory,andtheyareyettoseeHimsittingontherighthandofpower。
ThosewhoderidedHisclaimtobetheSonofGodarespeechlessnow。ThereisthehaughtyHerodwhojeeredatHisroyaltitleandbadethemockingsoldierscrownHimking。TherearetheverymenwhowithimpioushandsplaceduponHisformthepurplerobe,uponHissacredbrowthethornycrown,andinHisunresistinghandthemimicscepter,andbowedbeforeHiminblasphemousmockery。ThemenwhosmoteandspituponthePrinceoflifenowturnfromHispiercinggazeandseektofleefromtheoverpoweringgloryofHispresence。ThosewhodrovethenailsthroughHishandsandfeet,thesoldierwhopiercedHisside,beholdthesemarkswithterrorandremorse。
WithawfuldistinctnessdopriestsandrulersrecalltheeventsofCalvary。
Withshudderinghorrortheyrememberhow,waggingtheirheadsinsatanicexultation,theyexclaimed:"Hesavedothers;HimselfHecannotsave。IfHebetheKingofIsrael,letHimnowcomedownfromthecross,andwewillbelieveHim。HetrustedinGod;letHimdeliverHimnow,ifHewillhaveHim。"Matthew27:42,43。
VividlytheyrecalltheSaviour’sparableofthehusbandmenwhorefusedtorendertotheirlordthefruitofthevineyard,whoabusedhisservantsandslewhisson。Theyremember,too,thesentencewhichtheythemselvespronounced:Thelordofthevineyard"willmiserablydestroythosewickedmen。"Inthesinandpunishmentofthoseunfaithfulmenthepriestsandeldersseetheirowncourseandtheirownjustdoom。Andnowthererisesacryofmortalagony。Louderthantheshout,"CrucifyHim,crucifyHim,"
whichrangthroughthestreetsofJerusalem,swellstheawful,644
despairingwail,"HeistheSonofGod!HeisthetrueMessiah!"TheyseektofleefromthepresenceoftheKingofkings。Inthedeepcavernsoftheearth,rentasunderbythewarringoftheelements,theyvainlyattempttohide。
Inthelivesofallwhorejecttruththerearemomentswhenconscienceawakens,whenmemorypresentsthetorturingrecollectionofalifeofhypocrisyandthesoulisharassedwithvainregrets。Butwhatarethesecomparedwiththeremorseofthatdaywhen"fearcomethasdesolation,"when"destructioncomethasawhirlwind"!Proverbs1:27。ThosewhowouldhavedestroyedChristandHisfaithfulpeoplenowwitnesstheglorywhichrestsuponthem。Inthemidstoftheirterrortheyhearthevoicesofthesaintsinjoyfulstrainsexclaiming:"Lo,thisisourGod;wehavewaitedforHim,andHewillsaveus。"Isaiah25:9。
Amidthereelingoftheearth,theflashoflightning,andtheroarofthunder,thevoiceoftheSonofGodcallsforththesleepingsaints。Helooksuponthegravesoftherighteous,then,raisingHishandstoheaven,Hecries:"Awake,awake,awake,yethatsleepinthedust,andarise!"
Throughoutthelengthandbreadthoftheearththedeadshallhearthatvoice,andtheythathearshalllive。Andthewholeearthshallringwiththetreadoftheexceedinggreatarmyofeverynation,kindred,tongue,andpeople。Fromtheprisonhouseofdeaththeycome,clothedwithimmortalglory,crying:"Odeath,whereisthysting?Ograve,whereisthyvictory?"
1Corinthians15:55。Andthelivingrighteousandtherisensaintsunitetheirvoicesinalong,gladshoutofvictory。
Allcomeforthfromtheirgravesthesameinstatureaswhentheyenteredthetomb。Adam,whostandsamongtherisenthrong,isofloftyheightandmajesticform,instaturebutlittlebelowtheSonofGod。Hepresentsamarkedcontrasttothepeopleoflatergenerations;inthisonerespectisshownthegreatdegeneracyoftherace。Butallarisewiththefreshnessandvigorofeternalyouth。Inthebeginning,man645
wascreatedinthelikenessofGod,notonlyincharacter,butinformandfeature。Sindefacedandalmostobliteratedthedivineimage;butChristcametorestorethatwhichhadbeenlost。HewillchangeourvilebodiesandfashionthemlikeuntoHisgloriousbody。Themortal,corruptibleform,devoidofcomeliness,oncepollutedwithsin,becomesperfect,beautiful,andimmortal。Allblemishesanddeformitiesareleftinthegrave。Restoredtothetreeoflifeinthelong-lostEden,theredeemedwill"growup"
(Malachi4:2)tothefullstatureoftheraceinitsprimevalglory。Thelastlingeringtracesofthecurseofsinwillberemoved,andChrist’sfaithfuloneswillappearin"thebeautyoftheLordourGod,"inmindandsoulandbodyreflectingtheperfectimageoftheirLord。Oh,wonderfulredemption!longtalkedof,longhopedfor,contemplatedwitheageranticipation,butneverfullyunderstood。
Thelivingrighteousarechanged"inamoment,inthetwinklingofaneye。"
AtthevoiceofGodtheywereglorified;nowtheyaremadeimmortalandwiththerisensaintsarecaughtuptomeettheirLordintheair。Angels"gathertogetherHiselectfromthefourwinds,fromoneendofheaventotheother。"Littlechildrenarebornebyholyangelstotheirmothers’arms。
Friendslongseparatedbydeathareunited,nevermoretopart,andwithsongsofgladnessascendtogethertotheCityofGod。
Oneachsideofthecloudychariotarewings,andbeneathitarelivingwheels;andasthechariotrollsupward,thewheelscry,"Holy,"andthewings,astheymove,cry,"Holy,"andtheretinueofangelscry,"Holy,holy,holy,LordGodAlmighty。"Andtheredeemedshout,"Alleluia!"asthechariotmovesonwardtowardtheNewJerusalem。
BeforeenteringtheCityofGod,theSaviourbestowsuponHisfollowerstheemblemsofvictoryandinveststhemwiththeinsigniaoftheirroyalstate。
TheglitteringranksaredrawnupintheformofahollowsquareabouttheirKing,whoseformrisesinmajestyhighabovesaintandangel,646
whosecountenancebeamsuponthemfullofbenignantlove。ThroughouttheunnumberedhostoftheredeemedeveryglanceisfixeduponHim,everyeyebeholdsHisglorywhose"visagewassomarredmorethananyman,andHisformmorethanthesonsofmen。"Upontheheadsoftheovercomers,JesuswithHisownrighthandplacesthecrownofglory。Foreachthereisacrown,bearinghisown"newname"(Revelation2:17),andtheinscription,"HolinesstotheLord。"Ineveryhandareplacedthevictor’spalmandtheshiningharp。Then,asthecommandingangelsstrikethenote,everyhandsweepstheharpstringswithskillfultouch,awakingsweetmusicinrich,melodiousstrains。Raptureunutterablethrillseveryheart,andeachvoiceisraisedingratefulpraise:"UntoHimthatlovedus,andwashedusfromoursinsinHisownblood,andhathmadeuskingsandpriestsuntoGodandHisFather;toHimbegloryanddominionforeverandever。"Revelation1:5,6。
BeforetheransomedthrongistheHolyCity。Jesusopenswidethepearlygates,andthenationsthathavekeptthetruthenterin。TheretheybeholdtheParadiseofGod,thehomeofAdaminhisinnocency。Thenthatvoice,richerthananymusicthateverfellonmortalear,isheard,saying:"Yourconflictisended。""Come,yeblessedofMyFather,inheritthekingdompreparedforyoufromthefoundationoftheworld。"
NowisfulfilledtheSaviour’sprayerforHisdisciples:"Iwillthattheyalso,whomThouhastgivenMe,bewithMewhereIam。""FaultlessbeforethepresenceofHisglorywithexceedingjoy"(Jude24),ChristpresentstotheFatherthepurchaseofHisblood,declaring:"HereamI,andthechildrenwhomThouhastgivenMe。""ThosethatThougavestMeIhavekept。"Oh,thewondersofredeeminglove!theraptureofthathourwhentheinfiniteFather,lookingupontheransomed,shallbeholdHisimage,sin’sdiscordbanished,itsblightremoved,andthehumanoncemoreinharmonywiththedivine!
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Withunutterablelove,JesuswelcomesHisfaithfulonestothejoyoftheirLord。TheSaviour’sjoyisinseeing,inthekingdomofglory,thesoulsthathavebeensavedbyHisagonyandhumiliation。AndtheredeemedwillbesharersinHisjoy,astheybehold,amongtheblessed,thosewhohavebeenwontoChristthroughtheirprayers,theirlabors,andtheirlovingsacrifice。Astheygatheraboutthegreatwhitethrone,gladnessunspeakablewillfilltheirhearts,whentheybeholdthosewhomtheyhavewonforChrist,andseethatonehasgainedothers,andthesestillothers,allbroughtintothehavenofrest,theretolaytheircrownsatJesus’feetandpraiseHimthroughtheendlesscyclesofeternity。
AstheransomedonesarewelcomedtotheCityofGod,thereringsoutupontheairanexultantcryofadoration。ThetwoAdamsareabouttomeet。TheSonofGodisstandingwithoutstretchedarmstoreceivethefatherofourrace——thebeingwhomHecreated,whosinnedagainsthisMaker,andforwhosesinthemarksofthecrucifixionareborneupontheSaviour’sform。AsAdamdiscernstheprintsofthecruelnails,hedoesnotfalluponthebosomofhisLord,butinhumiliationcastshimselfatHisfeet,crying:"Worthy,worthyistheLambthatwasslain!"TenderlytheSaviourliftshimupandbidshimlookoncemoreupontheEdenhomefromwhichhehassolongbeenexiled。
AfterhisexpulsionfromEden,Adam’slifeonearthwasfilledwithsorrow。
Everydyingleaf,everyvictimofsacrifice,everyblightuponthefairfaceofnature,everystainuponman’spurity,wasafreshreminderofhissin。
Terriblewastheagonyofremorseashebeheldiniquityabounding,and,inanswertohiswarnings,metthereproachescastuponhimselfasthecauseofsin。Withpatienthumilityhebore,fornearlyathousandyears,thepenaltyoftransgression。FaithfullydidherepentofhissinandtrustinthemeritsofthepromisedSaviour,andhediedinthehopeofaresurrection。
TheSonofGodredeemedman’sfailureandfall;and648
now,throughtheworkoftheatonement,Adamisreinstatedinhisfirstdominion。
Transportedwithjoy,hebeholdsthetreesthatwereoncehisdelight——theverytreeswhosefruithehimselfhadgatheredinthedaysofhisinnocenceandjoy。Heseesthevinesthathisownhandshavetrained,theveryflowersthatheoncelovedtocarefor。Hismindgraspstherealityofthescene;hecomprehendsthatthisisindeedEdenrestored,morelovelynowthanwhenhewasbanishedfromit。TheSaviourleadshimtothetreeoflifeandplucksthegloriousfruitandbidshimeat。Helooksabouthimandbeholdsamultitudeofhisfamilyredeemed,standingintheParadiseofGod。ThenhecastshisglitteringcrownatthefeetofJesusand,fallinguponHisbreast,embracestheRedeemer。Hetouchesthegoldenharp,andthevaultsofheavenechothetriumphantsong:"Worthy,worthy,worthyistheLambthatwasslain,andlivesagain!"ThefamilyofAdamtakeupthestrainandcasttheircrownsattheSaviour’sfeetastheybowbeforeHiminadoration。
ThisreunioniswitnessedbytheangelswhoweptatthefallofAdamandrejoicedwhenJesus,afterHisresurrection,ascendedtoheaven,havingopenedthegraveforallwhoshouldbelieveonHisname。Nowtheybeholdtheworkofredemptionaccomplished,andtheyunitetheirvoicesinthesongofpraise。
Uponthecrystalseabeforethethrone,thatseaofglassasitweremingledwithfire,——soresplendentisitwiththegloryofGod,——aregatheredthecompanythathave"gottenthevictoryoverthebeast,andoverhisimage,andoverhismark,andoverthenumberofhisname。"WiththeLambuponMountZion,"havingtheharpsofGod,"theystand,thehundredandfortyandfourthousandthatwereredeemedfromamongmen;andthereisheard,asthesoundofmanywaters,andasthesoundofagreatthunder,"thevoiceofharpersharpingwiththeirharps。"Andtheysing"anew649
song"beforethethrone,asongwhichnomancanlearnsavethehundredandfortyandfourthousand。ItisthesongofMosesandtheLamb——asongofdeliverance。Nonebutthehundredandforty-fourthousandcanlearnthatsong;foritisthesongoftheirexperience——anexperiencesuchasnoothercompanyhaveeverhad。"ThesearetheywhichfollowtheLambwhithersoeverHegoeth。"These,havingbeentranslatedfromtheearth,fromamongtheliving,arecountedas"thefirstfruitsuntoGodandtotheLamb。"
Revelation15:2,3;14:1-5。"Thesearetheywhichcameoutofgreattribulation;"theyhavepassedthroughthetimeoftroublesuchasneverwassincetherewasanation;theyhaveenduredtheanguishofthetimeofJacob’strouble;theyhavestoodwithoutanintercessorthroughthefinaloutpouringofGod’sjudgments。Buttheyhavebeendelivered,fortheyhave"washedtheirrobes,andmadethemwhiteinthebloodoftheLamb。""Intheirmouthwasfoundnoguile:fortheyarewithoutfault"beforeGod。
"ThereforearetheybeforethethroneofGod,andserveHimdayandnightinHistemple:andHethatsittethonthethroneshalldwellamongthem。"Theyhaveseentheearthwastedwithfamineandpestilence,thesunhavingpowertoscorchmenwithgreatheat,andtheythemselveshaveenduredsuffering,hunger,andthirst。But"theyshallhungernomore,neitherthirstanymore;
neithershallthesunlightonthem,noranyheat。FortheLambwhichisinthemidstofthethroneshallfeedthem,andshallleadthemuntolivingfountainsofwaters:andGodshallwipeawayalltearsfromtheireyes。"
Revelation7:14-17。
InallagestheSaviour’schosenhavebeeneducatedanddisciplinedintheschooloftrial。Theywalkedinnarrowpathsonearth;theywerepurifiedinthefurnaceofaffliction。ForJesus’saketheyenduredopposition,hatred,calumny。TheyfollowedHimthroughconflictssore;theyenduredself-denialandexperiencedbitterdisappointments。Bytheir650
ownpainfulexperiencetheylearnedtheevilofsin,itspower,itsguilt,itswoe;andtheylookuponitwithabhorrence。Asenseoftheinfinitesacrificemadeforitscurehumblesthemintheirownsightandfillstheirheartswithgratitudeandpraisewhichthosewhohaveneverfallencannotappreciate。Theylovemuchbecausetheyhavebeenforgivenmuch。HavingbeenpartakersofChrist’ssufferings,theyarefittedtobepartakerswithHimofHisglory。
TheheirsofGodhavecomefromgarrets,fromhovels,fromdungeons,fromscaffolds,frommountains,fromdeserts,fromthecavesoftheearth,fromthecavernsofthesea。Onearththeywere"destitute,afflicted,tormented。"MillionswentdowntothegraveloadedwithinfamybecausetheysteadfastlyrefusedtoyieldtothedeceptiveclaimsofSatan。Byhumantribunalstheywereadjudgedthevilestofcriminals。Butnow"GodisjudgeHimself。"Psalm50:6。Nowthedecisionsofeartharereversed。"TherebukeofHispeopleshallHetakeaway。"Isaiah25:8。"Theyshallcallthem,Theholypeople,TheredeemedoftheLord。"Hehathappointed"togiveuntothembeautyforashes,theoilofjoyformourning,thegarmentofpraiseforthespiritofheaviness。"Isaiah62:12;61:3。Theyarenolongerfeeble,afflicted,scattered,andoppressed。HenceforththeyaretobeeverwiththeLord。Theystandbeforethethronecladinricherrobesthanthemosthonoredoftheearthhaveeverworn。Theyarecrownedwithdiademsmoregloriousthanwereeverplaceduponthebrowofearthlymonarchs。Thedaysofpainandweepingareforeverended。TheKingofgloryhaswipedthetearsfromallfaces;everycauseofgriefhasbeenremoved。Amidthewavingofpalmbranchestheypourforthasongofpraise,clear,sweet,andharmonious;everyvoicetakesupthestrain,untiltheanthemswellsthroughthevaultsofheaven:"SalvationtoourGodwhichsittethuponthethrone,anduntotheLamb。"Andalltheinhabitantsofheavenrespondintheascription:"Amen:Blessing,andglory,andwisdom,and651
thanksgiving,andhonor,andpower,andmight,beuntoourGodforeverandever。"Revelation7:10,12。
Inthislifewecanonlybegintounderstandthewonderfulthemeofredemption。Withourfinitecomprehensionwemayconsidermostearnestlytheshameandtheglory,thelifeandthedeath,thejusticeandthemercy,thatmeetinthecross;yetwiththeutmoststretchofourmentalpowerswefailtograspitsfullsignificance。Thelengthandthebreadth,thedepthandtheheight,ofredeeminglovearebutdimlycomprehended。Theplanofredemptionwillnotbefullyunderstood,evenwhentheransomedseeastheyareseenandknowastheyareknown;butthroughtheeternalagesnewtruthwillcontinuallyunfoldtothewonderinganddelightedmind。Thoughthegriefsandpainsandtemptationsofearthareendedandthecauseremoved,thepeopleofGodwilleverhaveadistinct,intelligentknowledgeofwhattheirsalvationhascost。
ThecrossofChristwillbethescienceandthesongoftheredeemedthroughalleternity。InChristglorifiedtheywillbeholdChristcrucified。NeverwillitbeforgottenthatHewhosepowercreatedandupheldtheunnumberedworldsthroughthevastrealmsofspace,theBelovedofGod,theMajestyofheaven,Hewhomcherubandshiningseraphdelightedtoadore——humbledHimselftoupliftfallenman;thatHeboretheguiltandshameofsin,andthehidingofHisFather’sface,tillthewoesofalostworldbrokeHisheartandcrushedoutHislifeonCalvary’scross。ThattheMakerofallworlds,theArbiterofalldestinies,shouldlayasideHisgloryandhumiliateHimselffromlovetomanwilleverexcitethewonderandadorationoftheuniverse。AsthenationsofthesavedlookupontheirRedeemerandbeholdtheeternalgloryoftheFathershininginHiscountenance;astheybeholdHisthrone,whichisfromeverlastingtoeverlasting,andknowthatHiskingdomistohavenoend,theybreakforthinrapturoussong:"Worthy,worthyistheLamb652
thatwasslain,andhathredeemedustoGodbyHisownmostpreciousblood!"
Themysteryofthecrossexplainsallothermysteries。InthelightthatstreamsfromCalvarytheattributesofGodwhichhadfilleduswithfearandaweappearbeautifulandattractive。Mercy,tenderness,andparentalloveareseentoblendwithholiness,justice,andpower。WhilewebeholdthemajestyofHisthrone,highandliftedup,weseeHischaracterinitsgraciousmanifestations,andcomprehend,asneverbefore,thesignificanceofthatendearingtitle,"OurFather。"
ItwillbeseenthatHewhoisinfiniteinwisdomcoulddevisenoplanforoursalvationexceptthesacrificeofHisSon。Thecompensationforthissacrificeisthejoyofpeoplingtheearthwithransomedbeings,holy,happy,andimmortal。TheresultoftheSaviour’sconflictwiththepowersofdarknessisjoytotheredeemed,redoundingtothegloryofGodthroughouteternity。AndsuchisthevalueofthesoulthattheFatherissatisfiedwiththepricepaid;andChristHimself,beholdingthefruitsofHisgreatsacrifice,issatisfied。
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Chapter41
DesolationoftheEarth"Hersinshavereacheduntoheaven,andGodhathrememberedheriniquities……Inthecupwhichshehathfilledfilltoherdouble。Howmuchshehathglorifiedherself,andliveddeliciously,somuchtormentandsorrowgiveher:forshesaithinherheart,Isitaqueen,andamnowidow,andshallseenosorrow。Thereforeshallherplaguescomeinoneday,death,andmourning,andfamine;andsheshallbeutterlyburnedwithfire:forstrongistheLordGodwhojudgethher。Andthekingsoftheearth,whohavecommittedfornicationandliveddeliciouslywithher,shallbewailher,andlamentforher,……saying,Alas,alasthatgreatcityBabylon,thatmightycity!forinonehouristhyjudgmentcome。"Revelation18:5-10。
"Themerchantsoftheearth,"thathave"waxedrichthroughtheabundanceofherdelicacies,""shallstandafaroffforthefearofhertorment,weepingandwailing,andsaying,Alas,alasthatgreatcity,thatwasclothedinfinelinen,andpurple,andscarlet,anddeckedwithgold,andpreciousstones,andpearls!Forinonehoursogreatrichesiscometonought。"
Revelation18:11,3,15-17。
SucharethejudgmentsthatfalluponBabyloninthedayofthevisitationofGod’swrath。Shehasfilledupthemeasureofheriniquity;hertimehascome;sheisripefordestruction。
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WhenthevoiceofGodturnsthecaptivityofHispeople,thereisaterribleawakeningofthosewhohavelostallinthegreatconflictoflife。WhileprobationcontinuedtheywereblindedbySatan’sdeceptions,andtheyjustifiedtheircourseofsin。Therichpridedthemselvesupontheirsuperioritytothosewhowerelessfavored;buttheyhadobtainedtheirrichesbyviolationofthelawofGod。Theyhadneglectedtofeedthehungry,toclothethenaked,todealjustly,andtolovemercy。Theyhadsoughttoexaltthemselvesandtoobtainthehomageoftheirfellowcreatures。Nowtheyarestrippedofallthatmadethemgreatandareleftdestituteanddefenseless。TheylookwithterroruponthedestructionoftheidolswhichtheypreferredbeforetheirMaker。Theyhavesoldtheirsoulsforearthlyrichesandenjoyments,andhavenotsoughttobecomerichtowardGod。Theresultis,theirlivesareafailure;theirpleasuresarenowturnedtogall,theirtreasurestocorruption。Thegainofalifetimeissweptawayinamoment。Therichbemoanthedestructionoftheirgrandhouses,thescatteringoftheirgoldandsilver。Buttheirlamentationsaresilencedbythefearthattheythemselvesaretoperishwiththeiridols。
Thewickedarefilledwithregret,notbecauseoftheirsinfulneglectofGodandtheirfellowmen,butbecauseGodhasconquered。Theylamentthattheresultiswhatitis;buttheydonotrepentoftheirwickedness。Theywouldleavenomeansuntriedtoconqueriftheycould。
Theworldseetheveryclasswhomtheyhavemockedandderided,anddesiredtoexterminate,passunharmedthroughpestilence,tempest,andearthquake。
HewhoistothetransgressorsofHislawadevouringfire,istoHispeopleasafepavilion。
Theministerwhohassacrificedtruthtogainthefavorofmennowdiscernsthecharacterandinfluenceofhisteachings。Itisapparentthattheomniscienteyewasfollowinghimashestoodinthedesk,ashewalkedthestreets,ashemingledwithmeninthevariousscenesoflife。Every655
emotionofthesoul,everylinewritten,everyworduttered,everyactthatledmentorestinarefugeoffalsehood,hasbeenscatteringseed;andnow,inthewretched,lostsoulsaroundhim,hebeholdstheharvest。
SaiththeLord:"TheyhavehealedthehurtofthedaughterofMypeopleslightly,saying,Peace,peace;whenthereisnopeace。""Withliesyehavemadetheheartoftherighteoussad,whomIhavenotmadesad;andstrengthenedthehandsofthewicked,thatheshouldnotreturnfromhiswickedway,bypromisinghimlife。"Jeremiah8:11;Ezekiel13:22。
"WoebeuntothepastorsthatdestroyandscatterthesheepofMypasture!……Behold,Iwillvisituponyoutheevilofyourdoings。""Howl,yeshepherds,andcry;andwallowyourselvesintheashes,yeprincipaloftheflock:foryourdaysforslaughterandofyourdispersionsareaccomplished;……andtheshepherdsshallhavenowaytoflee,northeprincipaloftheflocktoescape。"Jeremiah23:1,2;25:34,35,margin。
MinistersandpeopleseethattheyhavenotsustainedtherightrelationtoGod。TheyseethattheyhaverebelledagainsttheAuthorofalljustandrighteouslaw。Thesettingasideofthedivinepreceptsgaverisetothousandsofspringsofevil,discord,hatred,iniquity,untiltheearthbecameonevastfieldofstrife,onesinkofcorruption。Thisistheviewthatnowappearstothosewhorejectedtruthandchosetocherisherror。Nolanguagecanexpressthelongingwhichthedisobedientanddisloyalfeelforthatwhichtheyhavelostforever——eternallife。Menwhomtheworldhasworshipedfortheirtalentsandeloquencenowseethesethingsintheirtruelight。Theyrealizewhattheyhaveforfeitedbytransgression,andtheyfallatthefeetofthosewhosefidelitytheyhavedespisedandderided,andconfessthatGodhaslovedthem。
Thepeopleseethattheyhavebeendeluded。Theyaccuseoneanotherofhavingledthemtodestruction;butalluniteinheapingtheirbitterestcondemnationupontheministers。Unfaithfulpastorshaveprophesiedsmooththings;theyhaveledtheirhearerstomakevoidthelawofGodandto656
persecutethosewhowouldkeepitholy。Now,intheirdespair,theseteachersconfessbeforetheworldtheirworkofdeception。Themultitudesarefilledwithfury。"Wearelost!"theycry,"andyouarethecauseofourruin;"andtheyturnuponthefalseshepherds。Theveryonesthatonceadmiredthemmostwillpronouncethemostdreadfulcursesuponthem。Theveryhandsthatoncecrownedthemwithlaurelswillberaisedfortheirdestruction。TheswordswhichweretoslayGod’speoplearenowemployedtodestroytheirenemies。Everywherethereisstrifeandbloodshed。
"Anoiseshallcomeeventotheendsoftheearth;fortheLordhathacontroversywiththenations,Hewillpleadwithallflesh;Hewillgivethemthatarewickedtothesword。"Jeremiah25:31。Forsixthousandyearsthegreatcontroversyhasbeeninprogress;theSonofGodandHisheavenlymessengershavebeeninconflictwiththepoweroftheevilone,towarn,enlighten,andsavethechildrenofmen。Nowallhavemadetheirdecisions;
thewickedhavefullyunitedwithSataninhiswarfareagainstGod。ThetimehascomeforGodtovindicatetheauthorityofHisdowntroddenlaw。NowthecontroversyisnotalonewithSatan,butwithmen。"TheLordhathacontroversywiththenations;""Hewillgivethemthatarewickedtothesword。"
Themarkofdeliverancehasbeensetuponthose"thatsighandthatcryforalltheabominationsthatbedone。"Nowtheangelofdeathgoesforth,representedinEzekiel’svisionbythemenwiththeslaughteringweapons,towhomthecommandisgiven:"Slayutterlyoldandyoung,bothmaids,andlittlechildren,andwomen:butcomenotnearanymanuponwhomisthemark;
andbeginatMysanctuary。"Saystheprophet:"Theybeganattheancientmenwhichwerebeforethehouse。"Ezekiel9:1-6。Theworkofdestructionbeginsamongthosewhohaveprofessedtobethespiritualguardiansofthepeople。
Thefalsewatchmenarethefirsttofall。Therearenonetopityortospare。Men,women,maidens,andlittlechildrenperishtogether。
"TheLordcomethoutofHisplacetopunishtheinhabitants657
oftheearthfortheiriniquity:theearthalsoshalldiscloseherblood,andshallnomorecoverherslain。"Isaiah26:21。"AndthisshallbetheplaguewherewiththeLordwillsmiteallthepeoplethathavefoughtagainstJerusalem;Theirfleshshallconsumeawaywhiletheystandupontheirfeet,andtheireyesshallconsumeawayintheirholes,andtheirtongueshallconsumeawayintheirmouth。Anditshallcometopassinthatday,thatagreattumultfromtheLordshallbeamongthem;andtheyshalllayholdeveryoneonthehandofhisneighbor,andhishandshallriseupagainstthehandofhisneighbor。"Zechariah14:12,13。Inthemadstrifeoftheirownfiercepassions,andbytheawfuloutpouringofGod’sunmingledwrath,fallthewickedinhabitantsoftheearth——priests,rulers,andpeople,richandpoor,highandlow。"AndtheslainoftheLordshallbeatthatdayfromoneendoftheearthevenuntotheotherendoftheearth:theyshallnotbelamented,neithergathered,norburied。"Jeremiah25:33。
AtthecomingofChristthewickedareblottedfromthefaceofthewholeearth——consumedwiththespiritofHismouthanddestroyedbythebrightnessofHisglory。ChristtakesHispeopletotheCityofGod,andtheearthisemptiedofitsinhabitants。"Behold,theLordmakeththeearthempty,andmakethitwaste,andturnethitupsidedown,andscatterethabroadtheinhabitantsthereof。""Thelandshallbeutterlyemptied,andutterlyspoiled:fortheLordhathspokenthisword。""Becausetheyhavetransgressedthelaws,changedtheordinance,brokentheeverlastingcovenant。Thereforehaththecursedevouredtheearth,andtheythatdwellthereinaredesolate:thereforetheinhabitantsoftheearthareburned。"
Isaiah24:1,3,5,6。
Thewholeearthappearslikeadesolatewilderness。Theruinsofcitiesandvillagesdestroyedbytheearthquake,uprootedtrees,raggedrocksthrownoutbytheseaortornoutoftheearthitself,arescatteredoveritssurface,whilevastcavernsmarkthespotwherethemountainshavebeenrentfromtheirfoundations。
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NowtheeventtakesplaceforeshadowedinthelastsolemnserviceoftheDayofAtonement。Whentheministrationintheholyofholieshadbeencompleted,andthesinsofIsraelhadbeenremovedfromthesanctuarybyvirtueofthebloodofthesinoffering,thenthescapegoatwaspresentedalivebeforetheLord;andinthepresenceofthecongregationthehighpriestconfessedoverhim"alltheiniquitiesofthechildrenofIsrael,andalltheirtransgressionsinalltheirsins,puttingthemupontheheadofthegoat。"Leviticus16:21。Inlikemanner,whentheworkofatonementintheheavenlysanctuaryhasbeencompleted,theninthepresenceofGodandheavenlyangelsandthehostsoftheredeemedthesinsofGod’speoplewillbeplaceduponSatan;hewillbedeclaredguiltyofalltheevilwhichhehascausedthemtocommit。Andasthescapegoatwassentawayintoalandnotinhabited,soSatanwillbebanishedtothedesolateearth,anuninhabitedanddrearywilderness。
TherevelatorforetellsthebanishmentofSatanandtheconditionofchaosanddesolationtowhichtheearthistobereduced,andhedeclaresthatthisconditionwillexistforathousandyears。AfterpresentingthescenesoftheLord’ssecondcomingandthedestructionofthewicked,theprophecycontinues:"Isawanangelcomedownfromheaven,havingthekeyofthebottomlesspitandagreatchaininhishand。Andhelaidholdonthedragon,thatoldserpent,whichisthedevil,andSatan,andboundhimathousandyears,andcasthimintothebottomlesspit,andshuthimup,andsetasealuponhim,thatheshoulddeceivethenationsnomore,tillthethousandyearsshouldbefulfilled:andafterthathemustbeloosedalittleseason。"Revelation20:1-3。
Thattheexpression"bottomlesspit"representstheearthinastateofconfusionanddarknessisevidentfromotherscriptures。Concerningtheconditionoftheearth"inthebeginning,"theBiblerecordsaysthatit"waswithoutform,andvoid;anddarknesswasuponthefaceofthedeep。"[*
THEHEBREWWORDHERETRANSLATED"DEEP"ISRENDEREDINTHESEPTUAGINT(GREEK)
TRANSLATIONOFTHEHEBREWOLDTESTAMENTBYTHESAMEWORDRENDERED
"BOTTOMLESSPIT"INREVELATION20:1-3。]
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Genesis1:2。Prophecyteachesthatitwillbebroughtback,partiallyatleast,tothiscondition。LookingforwardtothegreatdayofGod,theprophetJeremiahdeclares:"Ibeheldtheearth,and,lo,itwaswithoutform,andvoid;andtheheavens,andtheyhadnolight。Ibeheldthemountains,and,lo,theytrembled,andallthehillsmovedlightly。I
beheld,and,lo,therewasnoman,andallthebirdsoftheheavenswerefled。Ibeheld,and,lo,thefruitfulplacewasawilderness,andallthecitiesthereofwerebrokendown。"Jeremiah4:23-26。
HereistobethehomeofSatanwithhisevilangelsforathousandyears。
Limitedtotheearth,hewillnothaveaccesstootherworldstotemptandannoythosewhohaveneverfallen。Itisinthissensethatheisbound:
therearenoneremaining,uponwhomhecanexercisehispower。Heiswhollycutofffromtheworkofdeceptionandruinwhichforsomanycenturieshasbeenhissoledelight。
TheprophetIsaiah,lookingforwardtothetimeofSatan’soverthrow,exclaims:"Howartthoufallenfromheaven,OLucifer,sonofthemorning!
howartthoucutdowntotheground,whichdidstweakenthenations!……
Thouhastsaidinthineheart,Iwillascendintoheaven,IwillexaltmythroneabovethestarsofGod:……IwillbeliketheMostHigh。Yetthoushaltbebroughtdowntohell,tothesidesofthepit。Theythatseetheeshallnarrowlylookuponthee,andconsiderthee,saying,Isthisthemanthatmadetheearthtotremble,thatdidshakekingdoms;thatmadetheworldasawilderness,anddestroyedthecitiesthereof;thatopenednotthehouseofhisprisoners?"Isaiah14:12-17。
Forsixthousandyears,Satan’sworkofrebellionhas"madetheearthtotremble。"Hehad"madetheworldasawilderness,anddestroyedthecitiesthereof。"Andhe"openednotthehouseofhisprisoners。"ForsixthousandyearshisprisonhousehasreceivedGod’speople,andhewouldhaveheldthemcaptiveforever;butChristhadbrokenhisbondsandsettheprisonersfree。
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EventhewickedarenowplacedbeyondthepowerofSatan,andalonewithhisevilangelsheremainstorealizetheeffectofthecursewhichsinhasbrought。"Thekingsofthenations,evenallofthem,lieinglory,everyoneinhisownhouse[thegrave]。Butthouartcastoutthygravelikeanabominablebranch……Thoushaltnotbejoinedwiththeminburial,becausethouhastdestroyedthyland,andslainthypeople。"Isaiah14:18-20。
Forathousandyears,SatanwillwandertoandfrointhedesolateearthtobeholdtheresultsofhisrebellionagainstthelawofGod。Duringthistimehissufferingsareintense。Sincehisfallhislifeofunceasingactivityhasbanishedreflection;butheisnowdeprivedofhispowerandlefttocontemplatethepartwhichhehasactedsincefirstherebelledagainstthegovernmentofheaven,andtolookforwardwithtremblingandterrortothedreadfulfuturewhenhemustsufferforalltheevilthathehasdoneandbepunishedforthesinsthathehascausedtobecommitted。
ToGod’speoplethecaptivityofSatanwillbringgladnessandrejoicing。
Saystheprophet:"ItshallcometopassinthedaythatJehovahshallgivetheerestfromthysorrow,andfromthytrouble,andfromthehardservicewhereinthouwastmadetoserve,thatthoushalttakeupthisparableagainstthekingofBabylon[hererepresentingSatan],andsay,Howhaththeoppressorceased!……Jehovahhathbrokenthestaffofthewicked,thescepteroftherulers;thatsmotethepeoplesinwrathwithacontinualstroke,thatruledthenationsinanger,withapersecutionthatnonerestrained。"Verses3-6,R。V。
Duringthethousandyearsbetweenthefirstandthesecondresurrectionthejudgmentofthewickedtakesplace。TheapostlePaulpointstothisjudgmentasaneventthatfollowsthesecondadvent。"Judgenothingbeforethetime,untiltheLordcome,whobothwillbringtolightthehiddenthingsofdarkness,andwillmakemanifestthecounselsof661
thehearts。"1Corinthians4:5。DanieldeclaresthatwhentheAncientofDayscame,"judgmentwasgiventothesaintsoftheMostHigh。"Daniel7:22。
AtthistimetherighteousreignaskingsandpriestsuntoGod。JohnintheRevelationsays:"Isawthrones,andtheysatuponthem,andjudgmentwasgivenuntothem。""TheyshallbepriestsofGodandofChrist,andshallreignwithHimathousandyears。"Revelation20:4,6。Itisatthistimethat,asforetoldbyPaul,"thesaintsshalljudgetheworld。"1Corinthians6:2。InunionwithChristtheyjudgethewicked,comparingtheiractswiththestatutebook,theBible,anddecidingeverycaseaccordingtothedeedsdoneinthebody。Thentheportionwhichthewickedmustsufferismetedout,accordingtotheirworks;anditisrecordedagainsttheirnamesinthebookofdeath。
SatanalsoandevilangelsarejudgedbyChristandHispeople。SaysPaul:
"Knowyenotthatweshalljudgeangels?"Verse3。AndJudedeclaresthat"theangelswhichkeptnottheirfirstestate,butlefttheirownhabitation,Hehathreservedineverlastingchainsunderdarknessuntothejudgmentofthegreatday。"Jude6。
Atthecloseofthethousandyearsthesecondresurrectionwilltakeplace。
ThenthewickedwillberaisedfromthedeadandappearbeforeGodfortheexecutionof"thejudgmentwritten。"Thustherevelator,afterdescribingtheresurrectionoftherighteous,says:"Therestofthedeadlivednotagainuntilthethousandyearswerefinished。"Revelation20:5。AndIsaiahdeclares,concerningthewicked:"Theyshallbegatheredtogether,asprisonersaregatheredinthepit,andshallbeshutupintheprison,andaftermanydaysshalltheybevisited。"Isaiah24:22。
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Chapter42
TheControversyEndedAtthecloseofthethousandyears,Christagainreturnstotheearth。Heisaccompaniedbythehostoftheredeemedandattendedbyaretinueofangels。
AsHedescendsinterrificmajestyHebidsthewickeddeadarisetoreceivetheirdoom。Theycomeforth,amightyhost,numberlessasthesandsofthesea。Whatacontrasttothosewhowereraisedatthefirstresurrection!Therighteouswereclothedwithimmortalyouthandbeauty。Thewickedbearthetracesofdiseaseanddeath。
EveryeyeinthatvastmultitudeisturnedtobeholdthegloryoftheSonofGod。Withonevoicethewickedhostsexclaim:"BlessedisHethatcomethinthenameoftheLord!"ItisnotlovetoJesusthatinspiresthisutterance。
Theforceoftruthurgesthewordsfromunwillinglips。Asthewickedwentintotheirgraves,sotheycomeforthwiththesameenmitytoChristandthesamespiritofrebellion。Theyaretohavenonewprobationinwhichtoremedythedefectsoftheirpastlives。Nothingwouldbegainedbythis。A
lifetimeoftransgressionhasnotsoftenedtheirhearts。Asecondprobation,wereitgiventhem,wouldbeoccupiedaswasthefirstinevadingtherequirementsofGodandexcitingrebellionagainstHim。
ChristdescendsupontheMountofOlives,whence,afterHisresurrection,Heascended,andwhereangelsrepeatedthepromiseofHisreturn。Saystheprophet:"TheLordmyGod663
shallcome,andallthesaintswithThee。""AndHisfeetshallstandinthatdayupontheMountofOlives,whichisbeforeJerusalemontheeast,andtheMountofOlivesshallcleaveinthemidstthereof,……andthereshallbeaverygreatvalley。""AndtheLordshallbekingoveralltheearth:inthatdayshalltherebeoneLord,andHisnameone。"Zechariah14:5,4,9。
AstheNewJerusalem,initsdazzlingsplendor,comesdownoutofheaven,itrestsupontheplacepurifiedandmadereadytoreceiveit,andChrist,withHispeopleandtheangels,enterstheHolyCity。
NowSatanpreparesforalastmightystruggleforthesupremacy。Whiledeprivedofhispowerandcutofffromhisworkofdeception,theprinceofevilwasmiserableanddejected;butasthewickeddeadareraisedandheseesthevastmultitudesuponhisside,hishopesrevive,andhedeterminesnottoyieldthegreatcontroversy。Hewillmarshalallthearmiesofthelostunderhisbannerandthroughthemendeavortoexecutehisplans。ThewickedareSatan’scaptives。InrejectingChristtheyhaveacceptedtheruleoftherebelleader。Theyarereadytoreceivehissuggestionsandtodohisbidding。Yet,truetohisearlycunning,hedoesnotacknowledgehimselftobeSatan。Heclaimstobetheprincewhoistherightfulowneroftheworldandwhoseinheritancehasbeenunlawfullywrestedfromhim。Herepresentshimselftohisdeludedsubjectsasaredeemer,assuringthemthathispowerhasbroughtthemforthfromtheirgravesandthatheisabouttorescuethemfromthemostcrueltyranny。ThepresenceofChristhavingbeenremoved,Satanworkswonderstosupporthisclaims。Hemakestheweakstrongandinspiresallwithhisownspiritandenergy。HeproposestoleadthemagainstthecampofthesaintsandtotakepossessionoftheCityofGod。
Withfiendishexultationhepointstotheunnumberedmillionswhohavebeenraisedfromthedeadanddeclaresthatastheirleaderheiswellabletooverthrowthecityandregainhisthroneandhiskingdom。
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Inthatvastthrongaremultitudesofthelong-livedracethatexistedbeforetheFlood;menofloftystatureandgiantintellect,who,yieldingtothecontroloffallenangels,devotedalltheirskillandknowledgetotheexaltationofthemselves;menwhosewonderfulworksofartledtheworldtoidolizetheirgenius,butwhosecrueltyandevilinventions,defilingtheearthanddefacingtheimageofGod,causedHimtoblotthemfromthefaceofHiscreation。Therearekingsandgeneralswhoconquerednations,valiantmenwhoneverlostabattle,proud,ambitiouswarriorswhoseapproachmadekingdomstremble。Indeaththeseexperiencednochange。Astheycomeupfromthegrave,theyresumethecurrentoftheirthoughtsjustwhereitceased。
Theyareactuatedbythesamedesiretoconquerthatruledthemwhentheyfell。
Satanconsultswithhisangels,andthenwiththesekingsandconquerorsandmightymen。Theylookuponthestrengthandnumbersontheirside,anddeclarethatthearmywithinthecityissmallincomparisonwiththeirs,andthatitcanbeovercome。TheylaytheirplanstotakepossessionoftherichesandgloryoftheNewJerusalem。Allimmediatelybegintoprepareforbattle。Skillfulartisansconstructimplementsofwar。Militaryleaders,famedfortheirsuccess,marshalthethrongsofwarlikemenintocompaniesanddivisions。
Atlasttheordertoadvanceisgiven,andthecountlesshostmoveson——anarmysuchaswasneversummonedbyearthlyconquerors,suchasthecombinedforcesofallagessincewarbeganonearthcouldneverequal。Satan,themightiestofwarriors,leadsthevan,andhisangelsunitetheirforcesforthisfinalstruggle。Kingsandwarriorsareinhistrain,andthemultitudesfollowinvastcompanies,eachunderitsappointedleader。Withmilitaryprecisiontheserriedranksadvanceovertheearth’sbrokenandunevensurfacetotheCityofGod。BycommandofJesus,thegatesoftheNewJerusalemareclosed,andthearmiesofSatansurroundthecityandmakereadyfortheonset。
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NowChristagainappearstotheviewofHisenemies。Farabovethecity,uponafoundationofburnishedgold,isathrone,highandliftedup。UponthisthronesitstheSonofGod,andaroundHimarethesubjectsofHiskingdom。ThepowerandmajestyofChristnolanguagecandescribe,nopenportray。ThegloryoftheEternalFatherisenshroudingHisSon。ThebrightnessofHispresencefillstheCityofGod,andflowsoutbeyondthegates,floodingthewholeearthwithitsradiance。
NearestthethronearethosewhowereoncezealousinthecauseofSatan,butwho,pluckedasbrandsfromtheburning,havefollowedtheirSaviourwithdeep,intensedevotion。NextarethosewhoperfectedChristiancharactersinthemidstoffalsehoodandinfidelity,thosewhohonoredthelawofGodwhentheChristianworlddeclareditvoid,andthemillions,ofallages,whoweremartyredfortheirfaith。Andbeyondisthe"greatmultitude,whichnomancouldnumber,ofallnations,andkindreds,andpeople,andtongues,……beforethethrone,andbeforetheLamb,clothedwithwhiterobes,andpalmsintheirhands。"Revelation7:9。Theirwarfareisended,theirvictorywon。Theyhaveruntheraceandreachedtheprize。
Thepalmbranchintheirhandsisasymboloftheirtriumph,thewhiterobeanemblemofthespotlessrighteousnessofChristwhichnowistheirs。
Theredeemedraiseasongofpraisethatechoesandre-echoesthroughthevaultsofheaven:"SalvationtoourGodwhichsittethuponthethrone,anduntotheLamb。"Verse10。Andangelandseraphunitetheirvoicesinadoration。AstheredeemedhavebeheldthepowerandmalignityofSatan,theyhaveseen,asneverbefore,thatnopowerbutthatofChristcouldhavemadethemconquerors。Inallthatshiningthrongtherearenonetoascribesalvationtothemselves,asiftheyhadprevailedbytheirownpowerandgoodness。
Nothingissaidofwhattheyhavedoneorsuffered;buttheburdenofeverysong,thekeynoteofeveryanthem,is:SalvationtoourGodanduntotheLamb。
666
InthepresenceoftheassembledinhabitantsofearthandheaventhefinalcoronationoftheSonofGodtakesplace。Andnow,investedwithsuprememajestyandpower,theKingofkingspronouncessentenceupontherebelsagainstHisgovernmentandexecutesjusticeuponthosewhohavetransgressedHislawandoppressedHispeople。SaystheprophetofGod:"Isawagreatwhitethrone,andHimthatsatonit,fromwhosefacetheearthandtheheavenfledaway;andtherewasfoundnoplaceforthem。AndIsawthedead,smallandgreat,standbeforeGod;andthebookswereopened:andanotherbookwasopened,whichisthebookoflife:andthedeadwerejudgedoutofthosethingswhichwerewritteninthebooks,accordingtotheirworks。"
Revelation20:11,12。
Assoonasthebooksofrecordareopened,andtheeyeofJesuslooksuponthewicked,theyareconsciousofeverysinwhichtheyhaveevercommitted。
Theyseejustwheretheirfeetdivergedfromthepathofpurityandholiness,justhowfarprideandrebellionhavecarriedthemintheviolationofthelawofGod。Theseductivetemptationswhichtheyencouragedbyindulgenceinsin,theblessingsperverted,themessengersofGoddespised,thewarningsrejected,thewavesofmercybeatenbackbythestubborn,unrepentantheart——allappearasifwritteninlettersoffire。
Abovethethroneisrevealedthecross;andlikeapanoramicviewappearthescenesofAdam’stemptationandfall,andthesuccessivestepsinthegreatplanofredemption。TheSaviour’slowlybirth;Hisearlylifeofsimplicityandobedience;HisbaptisminJordan;thefastandtemptationinthewilderness;Hispublicministry,unfoldingtomenheaven’smostpreciousblessings;thedayscrowdedwithdeedsofloveandmercy,thenightsofprayerandwatchinginthesolitudeofthemountains;theplottingsofenvy,hate,andmalicewhichrepaidHisbenefits;theawful,mysteriousagonyinGethsemanebeneaththecrushingweightofthesinsofthewholeworld;Hisbetrayalintothehandsofthemurderous667
mob;thefearfuleventsofthatnightofhorror——theunresistingprisoner,forsakenbyHisbest-loveddisciples,rudelyhurriedthroughthestreetsofJerusalem;theSonofGodexultinglydisplayedbeforeAnnas,arraignedinthehighpriest’spalace,inthejudgmenthallofPilate,beforethecowardlyandcruelHerod,mocked,insulted,tortured,andcondemnedtodie——allarevividlyportrayed。
Andnowbeforetheswayingmultitudearerevealedthefinalscenes——thepatientSufferertreadingthepathtoCalvary;thePrinceofheavenhanginguponthecross;thehaughtypriestsandthejeeringrabblederidingHisexpiringagony;thesupernaturaldarkness;theheavingearth,therentrocks,theopengraves,markingthemomentwhentheworld’sRedeemeryieldedupHislife。
Theawfulspectacleappearsjustasitwas。Satan,hisangels,andhissubjectshavenopowertoturnfromthepictureoftheirownwork。Eachactorrecallsthepartwhichheperformed。Herod,whoslewtheinnocentchildrenofBethlehemthathemightdestroytheKingofIsrael;thebaseHerodias,uponwhoseguiltysoulreststhebloodofJohntheBaptist;theweak,timeservingPilate;themockingsoldiers;thepriestsandrulersandthemaddenedthrongwhocried,"Hisbloodbeonus,andonourchildren!"——allbeholdtheenormityoftheirguilt。TheyvainlyseektohidefromthedivinemajestyofHiscountenance,outshiningthegloryofthesun,whiletheredeemedcasttheircrownsattheSaviour’sfeet,exclaiming:"Hediedforme!"
AmidtheransomedthrongaretheapostlesofChrist,theheroicPaul,theardentPeter,thelovedandlovingJohn,andtheirtrueheartedbrethren,andwiththemthevasthostofmartyrs;whileoutsidethewalls,witheveryvileandabominablething,arethosebywhomtheywerepersecuted,imprisoned,andslain。ThereisNero,thatmonsterofcrueltyandvice,beholdingthejoyandexaltationofthosewhomheoncetortured,andinwhoseextremestanguishhefoundsatanicdelight。Hismotheristheretowitnesstheresultof668
herownwork;toseehowtheevilstampofcharactertransmittedtoherson,thepassionsencouragedanddevelopedbyherinfluenceandexample,havebornefruitincrimesthatcausedtheworldtoshudder。
Therearepapistpriestsandprelates,whoclaimedtobeChrist’sambassadors,yetemployedtherack,thedungeon,andthestaketocontroltheconsciencesofHispeople。TherearetheproudpontiffswhoexaltedthemselvesaboveGodandpresumedtochangethelawoftheMostHigh。ThosepretendedfathersofthechurchhaveanaccounttorendertoGodfromwhichtheywouldfainbeexcused。ToolatetheyaremadetoseethattheOmniscientOneisjealousofHislawandthatHewillinnowisecleartheguilty。TheylearnnowthatChristidentifiesHisinterestwiththatofHissufferingpeople;andtheyfeeltheforceofHisownwords:"InasmuchasyehavedoneituntooneoftheleastoftheseMybrethren,yehavedoneituntoMe。"Matthew25:40。
ThewholewickedworldstandarraignedatthebarofGodonthechargeofhightreasonagainstthegovernmentofheaven。Theyhavenonetopleadtheircause;theyarewithoutexcuse;andthesentenceofeternaldeathispronouncedagainstthem。
Itisnowevidenttoallthatthewagesofsinisnotnobleindependenceandeternallife,butslavery,ruin,anddeath。Thewickedseewhattheyhaveforfeitedbytheirlifeofrebellion。Thefarmoreexceedingandeternalweightofglorywasdespisedwhenofferedthem;buthowdesirableitnowappears。"Allthis,"criesthelostsoul,"Imighthavehad;butIchosetoputthesethingsfarfromme。Oh,strangeinfatuation!Ihaveexchangedpeace,happiness,andhonorforwretchedness,infamy,anddespair。"Allseethattheirexclusionfromheavenisjust。Bytheirlivestheyhavedeclared:
"WewillnothavethisMan[Jesus]toreignoverus。"
Asifentranced,thewickedhavelookeduponthecoronationoftheSonofGod。TheyseeinHishandsthetablesofthedivinelaw,thestatuteswhichtheyhavedespisedand669
transgressed。Theywitnesstheoutburstofwonder,rapture,andadorationfromthesaved;andasthewaveofmelodysweepsoverthemultitudeswithoutthecity,allwithonevoiceexclaim,"GreatandmarvelousareThyworks,LordGodAlmighty;justandtrueareThyways,ThouKingofsaints"
(Revelation15:3);and,fallingprostrate,theyworshipthePrinceoflife。
SatanseemsparalyzedashebeholdsthegloryandmajestyofChrist。Hewhowasonceacoveringcherubrememberswhencehehasfallen。Ashiningseraph,"sonofthemorning;"howchanged,howdegraded!Fromthecouncilwhereoncehewashonored,heisforeverexcluded。HeseesanothernowstandingneartotheFather,veilingHisglory。HehasseenthecrownplacedupontheheadofChristbyanangelofloftystatureandmajesticpresence,andheknowsthattheexaltedpositionofthisangelmighthavebeenhis。
Memoryrecallsthehomeofhisinnocenceandpurity,thepeaceandcontentthatwerehisuntilheindulgedinmurmuringagainstGod,andenvyofChrist。Hisaccusations,hisrebellion,hisdeceptionstogainthesympathyandsupportoftheangels,hisstubbornpersistenceinmakingnoeffortforself-recoverywhenGodwouldhavegrantedhimforgiveness——allcomevividlybeforehim。Hereviewshisworkamongmenanditsresults——theenmityofmantowardhisfellowman,theterribledestructionoflife,theriseandfallofkingdoms,theoverturningofthrones,thelongsuccessionoftumults,conflicts,andrevolutions。HerecallshisconstanteffortstoopposetheworkofChristandtosinkmanlowerandlower。HeseesthathishellishplotshavebeenpowerlesstodestroythosewhohaveputtheirtrustinJesus。AsSatanlooksuponhiskingdom,thefruitofhistoil,heseesonlyfailureandruin。HehasledthemultitudestobelievethattheCityofGodwouldbeaneasyprey;butheknowsthatthisisfalse。Againandagain,intheprogressofthegreatcontroversy,hehasbeendefeatedandcompelledtoyield。HeknowstoowellthepowerandmajestyoftheEternal。
670
Theaimofthegreatrebelhaseverbeentojustifyhimselfandtoprovethedivinegovernmentresponsiblefortherebellion。Tothisendhehasbentallthepowerofhisgiantintellect。Hehasworkeddeliberatelyandsystematically,andwithmarveloussuccess,leadingvastmultitudestoaccepthisversionofthegreatcontroversywhichhasbeensolonginprogress。Forthousandsofyearsthischiefofconspiracyhaspalmedofffalsehoodfortruth。ButthetimehasnowcomewhentherebellionistobefinallydefeatedandthehistoryandcharacterofSatandisclosed。InhislastgreatefforttodethroneChrist,destroyHispeople,andtakepossessionoftheCityofGod,thearchdeceiverhasbeenfullyunmasked。
Thosewhohaveunitedwithhimseethetotalfailureofhiscause。Christ’sfollowersandtheloyalangelsbeholdthefullextentofhismachinationsagainstthegovernmentofGod。Heistheobjectofuniversalabhorrence。
Satanseesthathisvoluntaryrebellionhasunfittedhimforheaven。HehastrainedhispowerstowaragainstGod;thepurity,peace,andharmonyofheavenwouldbetohimsupremetorture。HisaccusationsagainstthemercyandjusticeofGodarenowsilenced。ThereproachwhichhehasendeavoredtocastuponJehovahrestswhollyuponhimself。AndnowSatanbowsdownandconfessesthejusticeofhissentence。
"WhoshallnotfearThee,OLord,andglorifyThyname?forThouonlyartholy:forallnationsshallcomeandworshipbeforeThee;forThyjudgmentsaremademanifest。"Verse4。Everyquestionoftruthanderrorinthelong-standingcontroversyhasnowbeenmadeplain。Theresultsofrebellion,thefruitsofsettingasidethedivinestatutes,havebeenlaidopentotheviewofallcreatedintelligences。TheworkingoutofSatan’sruleincontrastwiththegovernmentofGodhasbeenpresentedtothewholeuniverse。Satan’sownworkshavecondemnedhim。God’swisdom,Hisjustice,andHisgoodnessstandfullyvindicated。ItisseenthatallHisdealingsinthegreatcontroversyhavebeenconducted671
withrespecttotheeternalgoodofHispeopleandthegoodofalltheworldsthatHehascreated。"AllThyworksshallpraiseThee,OLord;andThysaintsshallblessThee。"Psalm145:10。ThehistoryofsinwillstandtoalleternityasawitnessthatwiththeexistenceofGod’slawisboundupthehappinessofallthebeingsHehascreated。Withallthefactsofthegreatcontroversyinview,thewholeuniverse,bothloyalandrebellious,withoneaccorddeclare:"JustandtrueareThyways,ThouKingofsaints。"
BeforetheuniversehasbeenclearlypresentedthegreatsacrificemadebytheFatherandtheSoninman’sbehalf。ThehourhascomewhenChristoccupiesHisrightfulpositionandisglorifiedaboveprincipalitiesandpowersandeverynamethatisnamed。ItwasforthejoythatwassetbeforeHim——thatHemightbringmanysonsuntoglory——thatHeenduredthecrossanddespisedtheshame。Andinconceivablygreataswasthesorrowandtheshame,yetgreateristhejoyandtheglory。Helooksupontheredeemed,renewedinHisownimage,everyheartbearingtheperfectimpressofthedivine,everyfacereflectingthelikenessoftheirKing。HebeholdsinthemtheresultofthetravailofHissoul,andHeissatisfied。Then,inavoicethatreachestheassembledmultitudesoftherighteousandthewicked,Hedeclares:
"BeholdthepurchaseofMyblood!FortheseIsuffered,fortheseIdied,thattheymightdwellinMypresencethroughouteternalages。"Andthesongofpraiseascendsfromthewhite-robedonesaboutthethrone:"WorthyistheLambthatwasslaintoreceivepower,andriches,andwisdom,andstrength,andhonor,andglory,andblessing。"Revelation5:12。
NotwithstandingthatSatanhasbeenconstrainedtoacknowledgeGod’sjusticeandtobowtothesupremacyofChrist,hischaracterremainsunchanged。Thespiritofrebellion,likeamightytorrent,againburstsforth。Filledwithfrenzy,hedeterminesnottoyieldthegreatcontroversy。ThetimehascomeforalastdesperatestruggleagainsttheKing672
ofheaven。Herushesintothemidstofhissubjectsandendeavorstoinspirethemwithhisownfuryandarousethemtoinstantbattle。Butofallthecountlessmillionswhomhehasalluredintorebellion,therearenonenowtoacknowledgehissupremacy。Hispowerisatanend。ThewickedarefilledwiththesamehatredofGodthatinspiresSatan;buttheyseethattheircaseishopeless,thattheycannotprevailagainstJehovah。TheirrageiskindledagainstSatanandthosewhohavebeenhisagentsindeception,andwiththefuryofdemonstheyturnuponthem。